Psychological foundations of emotional expression in musical and stage performance

Abstract

This study aimed to identify and systematize the psychological mechanisms underlying emotional expression in music and stage performance. A qualitative analysis of 30 documentary sources (2019–2026) was conducted using documentary analysis and performance psychology methods. Sources included peer-reviewed studies, performance recordings, pedagogical materials, program notes, performers’ reflections, and institutional training documents. The findings indicate that emotional expression is not an isolated artistic skill but an integrated process based on five interrelated dimensions: intentional expressive planning, bodily and visual embodiment of emotion, vocal and acoustic realization, emotional self-regulation, and audience perception of authenticity. Expressive intent is communicated through timing, dynamics, articulation, phrasing, intensity, and contrast. Physical embodiment involves gestures, posture, facial expression, and coordinated movement, while vocal expression relies on modulation, resonance, timbre, breath control, and volume. Emotional regulation supports performance under pressure through resilience, self-efficacy, and anxiety management. Audience interpretation ultimately determines the perceived credibility of emotional expression. The results highlight the need for performer education to develop integrated competencies combining technical mastery, embodied expression, vocal skills, emotional regulation, and audience awareness through targeted training in reflective listening, stage presence, and anxiety management.